Explanation of % directives in find -printf

What are the %s %p options used here?

From the man page:

%s File's size in bytes.

%p File's name.

Scroll down on that page beyond all the regular letters for printf and read the parts which come prefixed with a %.

%n Number of hard links to file.

%p File's name.

%P File's name with the name of the starting-point under which it was found removed.

%s File's size in bytes.

%t File's last modification time in the format returned by the C `ctime' function.

Are there any other options that can be used?

There are. See the link to the manpage.