Error installing Force.com IDE

I figured it out!

I had to copy the links that weren't reading the repository correctly and paste them into the search bar on the browser. It downloaded the missing files and then I moved these files into the Eclipse plugins folder. When I ran it again it was successful.

Per the installation instructions, if you receive a "read timed out" error, you may need to configure your proxy settings.

Configure Eclipse to use your proxy server. These settings can be found in your Eclipse Preferences, under General > Network Connections.