Eclipse inspection (Ctrl + Shift + I) equivalent in IntelliJ IDEA (Community Edition)

Quick evaluate expression with Ctrl + Alt + F8 (or on a Mac: Cmd + Opt + F8) gives me exactly what I want.

Do you mean "Evaluate expression" action Alt + F8?

Many more useful shortcuts are in Intellij Reference Card.

Ctrl + Alt + F8 will work. This shortcut may trigger the Intel HD Graphics hotkey for resetting display settings.

Alt + Left Mouse Key will also work.

If you want to view/edit the shortcuts, you can go to Settings (Ctrl + Alt + S) -> Keymap and search for Quick Evaluate Expression