du only for directories

Add a trailing slash, like:

du -sh ./*/

Duplicate answer as above just adding sort and flag to display size in a human-readable format

du -sh */ | sort -hr

Outputs:

44G     workspace/
24G     Downloads/
6.2G    Videos/
1.5G    Pictures/
189M    Music/
12M     Documents/
8.0K    Postman/
8.0K    Desktop/

You may also like to add a threshold

du -sh */ -t 100M | sort -hr

Outputs:

44G     workspace/
24G     Downloads/
6.2G    Videos/
1.5G    Pictures/
189M    Music/

man page for du and sort

DU(1)                                                                                        

NAME
       du - estimate file space usage

SYNOPSIS
       du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
       du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F

DESCRIPTION
       Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.

       -h, --human-readable
              print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

       -s, --summarize
              display only a total for each argument

       -t, --threshold=SIZE
          exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater than SIZE if negative


SORT(1)                                                                                          

NAME
       sort - sort lines of text files

SYNOPSIS
       sort [OPTION]... [FILE]...
       sort [OPTION]... --files0-from=F

DESCRIPTION
       Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output.

       -h, --human-numeric-sort
              compare human readable numbers (e.g., 2K 1G)

       -r, --reverse
              reverse the result of comparisons