Does hexdump respect the endianness of its system?

The traditional BSD hexdump utility uses the platform's endianness, so the output you see means your machine is little-endian.

Use hexdump -C (or od -t x1) to get consistent byte-by-byte output irrespective of the platform's endianness.

From the manpage:

 -x      Two-byte hexadecimal display.  Display the input offset in hexa‐
         decimal, followed by eight, space separated, four column, zero-
         filled, two-byte quantities of input data, in hexadecimal, per
         line.

...

 If no format strings are specified, the default display is equivalent to
 specifying the -x option.

Your output is little-endian (least significant byte first), which is also the endianness of the x86 and x86_64 architectures, which you are probably using.