Does anyone know a non-TeX equivalent for TikZ?

Metapict: https://docs.racket-lang.org/metapict/index.html

Metapict is inspired by Metapost and TikZ.

Maybe you'd like the Haskell diagrams library? Also see the gallery (click the images to view the source). It's on hackage. (As far as I know there are no bindings; not sure how easy it'd be to implement them yourself.)

It depends on what features you are looking for.

Somewhat similar applications with fewer or no dependencies are:

• Asymptote
• GLE

For Python you could try PyX.