Creating an edit modal in Laravel 5

Something like this would suffice.

Note: I assume you are using bootstrap 4 for your project, although bootstrap 3 would work too, just tweak it a bit to suit your needs

$(document).ready(function() {
  /**
   * for showing edit item popup
   */

  $(document).on('click', "#edit-item", function() {
    $(this).addClass('edit-item-trigger-clicked'); //useful for identifying which trigger was clicked and consequently grab data from the correct row and not the wrong one.

    var options = {
      'backdrop': 'static'
    };
    $('#edit-modal').modal(options)
  })

  // on modal show
  $('#edit-modal').on('show.bs.modal', function() {
    var el = $(".edit-item-trigger-clicked"); // See how its usefull right here? 
    var row = el.closest(".data-row");

    // get the data
    var id = el.data('item-id');
    var name = row.children(".name").text();
    var description = row.children(".description").text();

    // fill the data in the input fields
    $("#modal-input-id").val(id);
    $("#modal-input-name").val(name);
    $("#modal-input-description").val(description);

  })

  // on modal hide
  $('#edit-modal').on('hide.bs.modal', function() {
    $('.edit-item-trigger-clicked').removeClass('edit-item-trigger-clicked')
    $("#edit-form").trigger("reset");
  })
})
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>


<div class="main-container container-fluid">
  <!-- heading -->
  <div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col">
        <h1 class="text-primary mr-auto">Example list</h1>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- /heading -->
  <!-- table -->
  <table class="table table-striped table-bordered" id="myTable" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
    <thead class="thead-dark">
      <tr>
        <th>#</th>
        <th> Name</th>
        <th> Description</th>
        <th> Action</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr class="data-row">
        <td class="align-middle iteration">1</td>
        <td class="align-middle name">Name 1</td>
        <td class="align-middle word-break description">Description 1</td>
        <td class="align-middle">
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-success" id="edit-item" data-item-id="1">edit</button>
        </td>
      </tr>
      <tr class="data-row">
        <td class="align-middle iteration">2</td>
        <td class="align-middle name">Name 2</td>
        <td class="align-middle word-break description">Description 2</td>
        <td class="align-middle">
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-success" id="edit-item" data-item-id="2">edit</button>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
  <!-- /table -->
</div>
<!-- Attachment Modal -->
<div class="modal fade" id="edit-modal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="edit-modal-label" aria-hidden="true">
  <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg" role="document">
    <div class="modal-content">
      <div class="modal-header">
        <h5 class="modal-title" id="edit-modal-label">Edit Data</h5>
        <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
        </button>
      </div>
      <div class="modal-body" id="attachment-body-content">
        <form id="edit-form" class="form-horizontal" method="POST" action="">
          <div class="card text-white bg-dark mb-0">
            <div class="card-header">
              <h2 class="m-0">Edit</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="card-body">
              <!-- id -->
              <div class="form-group">
                <label class="col-form-label" for="modal-input-id">Id (just for reference not meant to be shown to the general public) </label>
                <input type="text" name="modal-input-id" class="form-control" id="modal-input-id" required>
              </div>
              <!-- /id -->
              <!-- name -->
              <div class="form-group">
                <label class="col-form-label" for="modal-input-name">Name</label>
                <input type="text" name="modal-input-name" class="form-control" id="modal-input-name" required autofocus>
              </div>
              <!-- /name -->
              <!-- description -->
              <div class="form-group">
                <label class="col-form-label" for="modal-input-description">Email</label>
                <input type="text" name="modal-input-description" class="form-control" id="modal-input-description" required>
              </div>
              <!-- /description -->
            </div>
          </div>
        </form>
      </div>
      <div class="modal-footer">
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-dismiss="modal">Done</button>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
<!-- /Attachment Modal -->

Suggestion

I would recommend you to include the form in another blade view, render it with all the relevant data and then return it to the controller then show it in the modal.