CORS issue - No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource

CORS' preflight request uses HTTP OPTIONS without credentials, see Cross-Origin Resource Sharing:

Otherwise, make a preflight request. Fetch the request URL from origin source origin using referrer source as override referrer source with the manual redirect flag and the block cookies flag set, using the method OPTIONS, and with the following additional constraints:

• Include an Access-Control-Request-Method header with as header field value the request method (even when that is a simple method).
• If author request headers is not empty include an Access-Control-Request-Headers header with as header field value a comma-separated list of the header field names from author request headers in lexicographical order, each converted to ASCII lowercase (even when one or more are a simple header).
• Exclude the author request headers.
• Exclude user credentials.
• Exclude the request entity body.

You have to allow anonymous access for HTTP OPTIONS.

Your modified (and simplified) code:

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
   http
       .authorizeRequests()
           .andMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()
           .antMatchers("/login").permitAll()
           .anyRequest().fullyAuthenticated()
           .and()
       .httpBasic()
           .and()
       .sessionManagement()
           .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
           .and()
       .csrf().disable();
}

Since Spring Security 4.2.0 you can use the built-in support, see Spring Security Reference:

19. CORS

Spring Framework provides first class support for CORS. CORS must be processed before Spring Security because the pre-flight request will not contain any cookies (i.e. the JSESSIONID). If the request does not contain any cookies and Spring Security is first, the request will determine the user is not authenticated (since there are no cookies in the request) and reject it.

The easiest way to ensure that CORS is handled first is to use the CorsFilter. Users can integrate the CorsFilter with Spring Security by providing a CorsConfigurationSource using the following:

@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

  @Override
  protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
      http
          // by default uses a Bean by the name of corsConfigurationSource
          .cors().and()
          ...
  }

  @Bean
  CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {
      CorsConfiguration configuration = new CorsConfiguration();
      configuration.setAllowedOrigins(Arrays.asList("https://example.com"));
      configuration.setAllowedMethods(Arrays.asList("GET","POST"));
      UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
      source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", configuration);
      return source;
  }
}

Since Spring Security 4.1, this is the proper way to make Spring Security support CORS (also needed in Spring Boot 1.4/1.5):

@Configuration
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
        registry.addMapping("/**")
                .allowedMethods("HEAD", "GET", "PUT", "POST", "DELETE", "PATCH");
    }
}

and:

@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//        http.csrf().disable();
        http.cors();
    }

    @Bean
    public CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {
        final CorsConfiguration configuration = new CorsConfiguration();
        configuration.setAllowedOrigins(ImmutableList.of("*"));
        configuration.setAllowedMethods(ImmutableList.of("HEAD",
                "GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "PATCH"));
        // setAllowCredentials(true) is important, otherwise:
        // The value of the 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header in the response must not be the wildcard '*' when the request's credentials mode is 'include'.
        configuration.setAllowCredentials(true);
        // setAllowedHeaders is important! Without it, OPTIONS preflight request
        // will fail with 403 Invalid CORS request
        configuration.setAllowedHeaders(ImmutableList.of("Authorization", "Cache-Control", "Content-Type"));
        final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
        source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", configuration);
        return source;
    }
}

Do not do any of below, which are the wrong way to attempt solving the problem:

• http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll();
• web.ignoring().antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS);

Reference: http://docs.spring.io/spring-security/site/docs/4.2.x/reference/html/cors.html