Converting between matrix subscripts and linear indices (like ind2sub/sub2ind in matlab)

This is not something I've used before, but according to this handy dandy Matlab to R cheat sheet, you might try something like this, where m is the number of rows in the matrix, r and c are row and column numbers respectively, and ind the linear index:

MATLAB:

[r,c] = ind2sub(size(A), ind)

R:

r = ((ind-1) %% m) + 1
c = floor((ind-1) / m) + 1

MATLAB:

ind = sub2ind(size(A), r, c)

R:

ind = (c-1)*m + r

For higher dimension arrays, there is the arrayInd function.

> abc <- array(dim=c(10,5,5))
> arrayInd(12,dim(abc))
     dim1 dim2 dim3
[1,]    2    2    1

You mostly don't need those functions in R. In Matlab you need those because you can't do e.g.

A(i, j) = x

where i,j,x are three vectors of row and column indices and x contains the corresponding values. (see also this question)

In R you can simply:

A[ cbind(i, j) ] <- x