Continuously varying tube radius

You can take a continuous function and evaluate it at the same points that are also used by ParametricPlot3D to create the curve. Here is a way to do it:

rr = Reap[
   ParametricPlot3D[γ[t], {t, 0, 2 Pi + .01}, 
    ColorFunction -> 
     Function[{x, y, z, t}, Hue[wColor[Sow[t, "tValues"]]]], 
    ColorFunctionScaling -> False, 
    PlotStyle -> Directive[Opacity[.7], CapForm[None]], 
    PlotRange -> All, Boxed -> False, MaxRecursion -> 0, 
    PlotPoints -> 100, Axes -> None, Method -> {"TubePoints" -> 30}], 
   "tValues"];
rr[[1]] /. 
 Line[pts_, rest___] :> Tube[pts, 0.2 + .1 Sin[rr[[2]]], rest]

Here I chose a Sin[t] variation of the thickness. To do it, I collect the evaluation points from inside ParametricPlot3D using Sow and Reap.

This list of points is in rr[[2]], whereas rr[[1]] is the plot itself. Then I modify the replacement rule you already had by making the radii of Tube into a list obtained by applying the desired continuous function to rr[[2]].

Another possibility for making a tube with continuously varying width from a space curve is to compute the normal and binormal vectors of the curve with FrenetSerretSystem[], which can then be used to assemble the parametric equations of the tube surface. (In general this can fail, but it will work for torus knots).

γ[t_] := {(2 + Cos[3 t]) Cos[2 t], (2 + Cos[3 t]) Sin[2 t], Sin[3 t]};
w[t_] := 2 + Cos[t];

(* normal and binormal vectors *)
{no[t_], bi[t_]} = FrenetSerretSystem[γ[t], t][[-1, {2, 3}]];

ParametricPlot3D[γ[t] + (w[π/2 - t]/10) {Cos[u], Sin[u]}.{no[t], bi[t]},
                 {t, 0, 2 π}, {u, 0, 2 π}, Axes -> None, Boxed -> False, 
                 ColorFunction -> Function[{x, y, z, t}, Hue[1 - w[t]/3, 1, 1, 0.7]], 
                 ColorFunctionScaling -> False, Mesh -> False, PlotPoints -> {85, 20},
                 PlotRange -> All]

(Note how I incorporated the opacity information as the fourth parameter in Hue[].)

If one finds the Frenet-Serret computations to be too slow, one can use e.g. Bishop frames (see e.g. this and this) instead, but I will not be discussing them further here.