Change price template only for product view page?

In catalog_product_view.xml there is a block (product.price.render.default) which is responsible for price rendering.

That block you can find in below paths:

1. /vendor/magento/module-catalog/view/adminhtml/layout/CATALOG_PRODUCT_COMPOSITE_CONFIGURE.xml
2. /vendor/magento/module-catalog/view/base/layout/default.xml

which is this:

<block class="Magento\Framework\Pricing\Render" name="product.price.render.default">
        <arguments>
            <argument name="price_render_handle" xsi:type="string">catalog_product_prices</argument>
            <argument name="use_link_for_as_low_as" xsi:type="boolean">true</argument>
            <!-- set "override" configuration settings here -->
        </arguments>
    </block>

You can copy this block to catalog_product_view.xml inside body tag and change this

<argument name="price_render_handle" xsi:type="string">catalog_product_prices</argument>

to this

<argument name="price_render_handle" xsi:type="string">custom_catalog_product_prices</argument>.

Then create a new xml layout file with name custom_catalog_product_prices.xml and copy content from file /vendor/magento/module-catalog/view/base/layout/catalog_product_prices.xml.

After copy content you can see there is so many template set in this xml layout now you can modify templates according to you in custom_catalog_product_prices.xml file.