CentOS Insufficient space in download directory /var/cache/yum/base/packages

Your / mount is full.

First, verify /tmp is empty.

Second, empty the contents of /var/cache/yum/base/packages. _{^{(Or consider just moving the contents while verifying the below procedure on your system.)}}

Then try bind mounting space from /home to /var/cache/yum/base/packages thusly:

mount --bind /home/yum /var/cache/yum/base/packages

Then add an entry at the bottom of your /etc/fstab like this:

/home/yum /var/cache/yum/base/packages none,rw bind 0 0

Once the bind mounts are setup, running a df -h will show /var/cache/yum/base/packages to have boku space. Then run yum and verify everything is copasetic.

I do agree that you need to clean some stuff up in /, but have you tried changing

cachedir=/var/cache/yum

in /etc/yum.conf