Can all laws of physics derived by a single or lists of more general laws?

In general, it is possible to derive "minor" concepts from a more general theoretical framework. This is the very definition of deductive reasoning, and it is in fact at the foundation of the scientific method. However, there are cases where the hierarchy of concepts is not so clear, in the sense that it is not always straightforward to decide which is the "minor" and which is the "major" concept from which the former derives.

Specifically, it is possible to derive classical mechanics as a macroscopic limit of quantum mechanics (which is, by the way, the general language in which the standard model is written). In particular the result $F=m a$ can be derived form the Schrödinger equation, and this derivation is known as the Ehrenfest theorem. It states that $$ m\frac{d}{dt}\langle x\rangle = \langle p\rangle,\\ \frac{d}{dt}\langle p\rangle = -\left\langle \frac{\partial V(x)}{\partial x}\right\rangle, $$ where $\langle x\rangle$, $\langle p\rangle$ are the expectation values of the position and momentum, and $V$ is the energy potential of the force, $F=-\left\langle\frac{\partial V(x)}{\partial x}\right\rangle$. In very simple words and loosely speaking, the Ehrenfest theorem states that, in average, quantum mechanics follow classical mechanics.

I said in the beginning that in some cases the hierarchy of "minor" and "major" concepts is not evident. For example, one can consider thermodynamics. Most of the concepts of thermodynamics can be derived from statistical mechanics. Now, statistical mechanics comes in two main flavours, based on classical and quantum mechanics respectively. One can derive the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics either from quantum statistical mechanics, or from classical statistical mechanics. In this case, although thermodynamics can be derived in some way from quantum or classical mechanics ultimately, it is clear that in a certain sense thermodynamics is more general than these, and that the most important results of thermodynamics (e.g., 1st and 2nd principles) are largely independent on the microscopic details of the physical description.