AsyncTask as kotlin coroutine

To use a coroutine you need a couple of things:

• Implement CoroutineScope interface.
• References to Job and CoroutineContext instances.
• Use suspend function modifier to suspend a coroutine without blocking the Main Thread when calling function that runs code in Background Thread.
• Use withContext(Dispatchers.IO) function to run code in background thread and launch function to start a coroutine.

Usually I use a separate class for that, e.g. "Presenter" or "ViewModel":

class Presenter : CoroutineScope {
    private var job: Job = Job()
    override val coroutineContext: CoroutineContext
        get() = Dispatchers.Main + job // to run code in Main(UI) Thread

    // call this method to cancel a coroutine when you don't need it anymore,
    // e.g. when user closes the screen
    fun cancel() {
        job.cancel()
    }

    fun execute() = launch {
        onPreExecute()
        val result = doInBackground() // runs in background thread without blocking the Main Thread
        onPostExecute(result)
    }

    private suspend fun doInBackground(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { // to run code in Background Thread
        // do async work
        delay(1000) // simulate async work
        return@withContext "SomeResult"
    }

    // Runs on the Main(UI) Thread
    private fun onPreExecute() {
        // show progress
    }

    // Runs on the Main(UI) Thread
    private fun onPostExecute(result: String) {
        // hide progress
    }
}

With ViewModel the code is more concise using viewModelScope:

class MyViewModel : ViewModel() {
    
    fun execute() = viewModelScope.launch {
        onPreExecute()
        val result = doInBackground() // runs in background thread without blocking the Main Thread
        onPostExecute(result)
    }

    private suspend fun doInBackground(): String = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { // to run code in Background Thread
        // do async work
        delay(1000) // simulate async work
        return@withContext "SomeResult"
    }

    // Runs on the Main(UI) Thread
    private fun onPreExecute() {
        // show progress
    }

    // Runs on the Main(UI) Thread
    private fun onPostExecute(result: String) {
        // hide progress
    }
}

To use viewModelScope add next line to dependencies of the app's build.gradle file:

implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:$LIFECYCLE_VERSION"

At the time of writing final LIFECYCLE_VERSION = "2.3.0-alpha04"

---

Here is also implementation of Async Task using Kotlin coroutines and extension function on CoroutineScope.

Another approach is to create generic extension function on CoroutineScope:

fun <R> CoroutineScope.executeAsyncTask(
        onPreExecute: () -> Unit,
        doInBackground: () -> R,
        onPostExecute: (R) -> Unit
) = launch {
    onPreExecute()
    val result = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { // runs in background thread without blocking the Main Thread
        doInBackground()
    }
    onPostExecute(result)
}

Now we can use it with any CoroutineScope:

• In ViewModel:

    class MyViewModel : ViewModel() {
  
        fun someFun() {
            viewModelScope.executeAsyncTask(onPreExecute = {
                // ...
            }, doInBackground = {
                // ...
                "Result" // send data to "onPostExecute"
            }, onPostExecute = {
                // ... here "it" is a data returned from "doInBackground"
            })
        }
    }
  

• In Activity or Fragment:

    lifecycleScope.executeAsyncTask(onPreExecute = {
        // ...
    }, doInBackground = {
        // ...
        "Result" // send data to "onPostExecute"
    }, onPostExecute = {
        // ... here "it" is a data returned from "doInBackground"
    })
  

To use viewModelScope or lifecycleScope add next line(s) to dependencies of the app's build.gradle file:

implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:$LIFECYCLE_VERSION" // for viewModelScope
implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:$LIFECYCLE_VERSION" // for lifecycleScope

At the time of writing final LIFECYCLE_VERSION = "2.3.0-alpha05".

You can get ProgressBar to run on the UI Main Thread, while using coroutine to run your task asynchronously.

Inside your override fun onCreate() method,

GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.Main) { // Coroutine Dispatcher confined to Main UI Thread
    yourTask() // your task implementation
}

You can initialize,

private var jobStart: Job? = null

In Kotlin, var declaration means the property is mutable. If you declare it as val, it is immutable, read-only & cannot be reassigned.

Outside the onCreate() method, yourTask() can be implemented as a suspending function, which does not block main caller thread.

When the function is suspended while waiting for the result to be returned, its running thread is unblocked for other functions to execute.

private suspend fun yourTask() = withContext(Dispatchers.Default){ // with a given coroutine context
    jobStart = launch {
       try{
        // your task implementation
       } catch (e: Exception) {
             throw RuntimeException("To catch any exception thrown for yourTask", e)
      }
    }
  }

For your progress bar, you can create a button to show the progress bar when the button is clicked.

buttonRecognize!!.setOnClickListener {
    trackProgress(false)
}

Outside of onCreate(),

private fun trackProgress(isCompleted:Boolean) {
    buttonRecognize?.isEnabled = isCompleted // ?. safe call
    buttonRecognize!!.isEnabled // !! non-null asserted call

    if(isCompleted) {
        loading_progress_bar.visibility = View.GONE
    } else {
        loading_progress_bar.visibility = View.VISIBLE
    }
}

An additional tip is to check that your coroutine is indeed running on another thread, eg. DefaultDispatcher-worker-1,

Log.e("yourTask", "Running on thread ${Thread.currentThread().name}")

Hope this is helpful.