Android - Constraint Layout inside another Constraint Layout background not showing

You can use a ConstraintLayout in an other ConstraintLayout but you need to respect some rules. All direct childs of a ConstraintLayout should have constraint on left,top, right and bottom.

I think that without the constraint left and right of your inner ConstraintLayout, he have a width and height equals to 0dp , he is not displayed.

Have you try to add constraint left and rigth to your inner ConstraintLayout ?

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/logo"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        app:srcCompat="@drawable/logo_2"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        android:layout_marginTop="-1dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="0dp"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        android:layout_marginRight="8dp"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0" />

    <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:background="@drawable/background_11"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/logo"
        android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent">

    </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

Hope this helps.