Allow anonymous user to only view job list without browsing workspace in Jenkins

Solution 1:

OK, so I've managed to do it:

you need Role-based Authorization Strategy Plugin
enable this authentication strategy in Configure Global Security
in Manage and Assign Roles / Manage Roles create new role anonymous and authenticated for both global and project roles
in Global roles grant anonymous role right only to Overall / Read (this will at the very least access anonymous user main jenkins screen with navigation and link to login page, not login prompt immediately)
in Project role add anonymous role with regexp pattern that will match projects you want anonymous users to access and after adding this role grant it right to Job / Read and Job / Discover
navigate to Manage and Assign Roles / Assign Roles and assign Anonymous user group to anonymous role (and authenticated users to specific groups). SAVE

With above https://wiki.jenkins.io/display/JENKINS/Role+Strategy+Plugin plugin

then you DO NOT need add authenticated role in Manage Roles page.

Screenshots: Manage Roles & Assign Roles