Adding an image within a circle object in d3 javascript?

As Lars says you need to use pattern, once you do that it becomes pretty straightforward. Here's a link to a conversation in d3 google groups about this. I've set up a fiddle here using the image of a pint from that conversation and your code above.

To set up the pattern:

    <svg id="mySvg" width="80" height="80">
      <defs id="mdef">
        <pattern id="image" x="0" y="0" height="40" width="40">
          <image x="0" y="0" width="40" height="40" xlink:href="http://www.e-pint.com/epint.jpg"></image>
        </pattern>
      </defs>
    </svg>

Then the d3 where we only change the fill:

svg.append("circle")
         .attr("class", "logo")
         .attr("cx", 225)
         .attr("cy", 225)
         .attr("r", 20)
         .style("fill", "transparent")       
         .style("stroke", "black")     
         .style("stroke-width", 0.25)
         .on("mouseover", function(){ 
               d3.select(this)
                   .style("fill", "url(#image)");
         })
          .on("mouseout", function(){ 
               d3.select(this)
                   .style("fill", "transparent");
         });

nodeEnter.append("svg:image")
            .attr('x',-9)
            .attr('y',-12)
            .attr('width', 20)
            .attr('height', 24)
            .attr("xlink:href", function(d) { 
         if(d.type=="root"){
            return "resources/images/test.png";}
            else if(d.type.toLowerCase()=="A"){
                return "resources/icon01/test1.png";}
            else if(d.type=="B"){
                return "resources/icon01/test2.png";}
            })
            .append("svg:title")
              .text(function(d){
              if(d.type=="root"){
                return "Root Name:"+d.name;}
              else if(d.type=="test"){
                return "Name:"+d.name;}
            });